Jedong Temple
 Jedong Temple site is in Wotanmas Jedong village,
Ngoro district, Mojokerto regency, in the north
of mount Penanggungan slope.
I. Historical Background of Jedong Temple
a. Brandes 1913
b. Naersen 1938
c. Damais 1951
d. Verbeek 1891
e. Knebel 1907
f. Bosch
g. Hasan Djafar 1978
h. Slamet Mulyana 1979
From various literature known that 12 ancient
inscription have been found in Jedong site, seen
of their epigraphy code / name of those ancient
inscription with Jedong ancient inscription I – XII.
II. Interpretation of Jedong Ancient Inscription
The discovery of Tulangan ancient inscription
(Jedong I) made from bronze, old letter Javanese
in Jedong area (Brandes 1913, Naersen 1938),
Jedong ancient inscription had already been
insist since 832 Saka (910 C), because at that
time had been become Perdikan (Sima) Tulangan
village. So, Tulangan is become the first term
of Jedong. In this time resembled with King
Balitung government (898 – 913 C) with
govern ancient inscription II (Kambang Sri)
made from stone, Javanese old letter 484 Saka
(929 C) it’s say about King Rakai Layang
Dyah Tulodong who govern ancient Mataram Kingdom
in Central Java 920 – 928 C year, that
give a clue of Jedong name which changed become
Kembang Sri.
Jedong ancient inscription III (Kambang Sri II)
made from stone, Javanese old letter with number
of 850 Saka year (928 C) government 929 – 948
C in ancient Mataram Kingdom East Java.
There Are Two Periods For The
Conclusion, They Are:
King Tulodong govern ancient Mataram in Central Java and King Sendok governs
ancient Mataram in East Java, Jedong site was
still known as Kambang Sri. Another file said
that from ancient Mataram period Jedong Temple
site was become Perdikan village with name Tulangan,
then in the next period, changed become Kambang
Sri. The three of ancient inscription above is
long ancient inscription, while the other from
Jedong IIIa – XII is short ancient inscription,
which only consist of 3 – 4 letter usually
called year number ancient inscription.
Ancient inscription that meant are:
Jedong ancient inscription IIIa made from stone,
Javanese old letter with number of the year 962
Saka (1040 C) resembled with King Erlangga governed
in 1021 – 1042 C.
Jedong ancient inscription IV made from stone,
Javanese old letter in 1041 Saka year (1119 C)
(Knebel 1907). Right now, thus ancient inscription
is in Rescuing Bureau statue (museum) Trowulan – Mojokerto
with inventory number 547. In this time resembled
with King Bameswara government in Panjalu.
Jedong ancient inscription V and Va made from
stone, Javanese old letter in 1161 Saka year
(1239 C) (Verbeek 1888), it meant resembled with
period of Anusapati government from Singosari
Kingdom that come in this area (Hasan Djafar
1978). Jedong V in year of 1169 Saka (1247 C)
is also resembled with King Anusapati government
from Singosari Kingdom.
Jedong ancient inscription VI made from stone,
Javanese ol letter in 1198 Saka year (1276 C)
(Verbeek 1891) resembled with period of King
Kertanegara government (1268 – 1291 C)
from Singosari Kingdom (Hasan Djafar 1978).
Jedong ancient inscription VII and VIII made
from stone, Javanese old letter with number of
the year 1037 Saka (1315 C) (Knebel 1907) which
resembled with King Kertanegara government period
from Majapahit Kingdom.
Siti Jedong ancient inscription made from white
stone, Javanese old letter number of 1270 Saka
year / 1348 C (OV. 1927) its an inscription that
is ingraved in base of statue (pedestal). This
ancient inscription has been keeping in the East
Java Bureau of relic Olden times preservation
in Trowulan, Mojokerto. This ancient inscription
resembled with Bhre Kahuripan government / Tribuana
Tungga Dewi in 1328 – 1350 C (Hasan Djafar
1978).
Jedong ancient inscription IX and X made from
stone, Javanese old letter both of them substance
year number 1298 Saka year (1376 C) (Krom 1911)
and in 1307 Saka year (1385 C) (TBG.XLVII 1954)
it mean that resembled with King Hayam Wuruk
government from Mojopahit Kingdom that governed
in 1350 – 1389 C (Hasan Djafar 1978). This
ancient inscription found near Jedong gate, which
in the golden period was a part of Perdikan area
of Mojopahit Kingdom. In the entrance gate I
found inscription: Brahmana – Nora – Kaya – Bhumi:
1307 Saka (1385 C) (Brandes 1808).
Jedong ancient inscription XI and XII made from
of stone, both of them are come from Jedong site
substance year number 1350 Saka (1428) (Krom
1915) and in 1378 Saka year (1456 C) (Verbeek
1891) which resembled with Bhre Hyang Purwawisesa
government period (Girisa Wardhana 1456 – 1466
C) (Hasan Djafar 1978). Based on that ancient
inscription it can interpretation Perdikan Jedong
region had already existed since ancient Mataram
period last Mojopahit period.
III. Nagarakartagama Book:
In the Strophe LXXXVIXI Nagarakartagama book
mentioned.
“Kwi ni darmalpas/pratista Ciwa Mukya
Kuti Balay I Kanci len Kapulungan, Roma, Wwatan
Iswara Ghraha……… . (Pegeaud,
1960).
It’s mean that:
“Perdikan Siwa village that free from tax,
Kanchi niche monastery, Kapulungan, Roma, Wwatan
Iswara ghraha…….. (Slamet Mulyana
1977).
If it connected to the mentioning the name of
ancient village such as Kapulungan and Wwatan,
so Kapulungan is name of a village in Gempol – Pasuruan,
it’s almost same with Kapulungan that mention
in Kudadu ancient inscription in Wotanmas village
which the place of Jedong gate stand.
Jedong Temple Conditioned Construction
The shaped of Jedong temple is gates and has
shape of Paduraksa, made from andesite stone
and brick. According to the report in 1907
that there was three gates in Jedong village,
but right now two pieces left that still intact.
Brick gate that located in north chisel in
year 1326 C and right only ruins left. While
two gates made from andesite stone which each
gates 80 meters from the center (the door side)
west – east that still can be saw. Both
gates surrounded by expensed wall, which placed
in west side of terrace.
GATEWAY I
The shape of gateway I is Paduraksa means that
a gateway which each roof becomes one, with
length 12,51 meters, 5,19 meters width and
9,75 meters height made from andesite stone.
Jedong gate I have 3 parts, they are leg, body
and roof, indoors and outdoors is in a part
of the body looks out on west and east.
In the part of legs and bodies area undecorated
or plain. While the roof pasrt decorated of Kala
is stick on the each side and then in the upper
phase decoration of small gate is stick in a
row. In every corner decorated with mount design
(antefik), in a doorstep of Gate I is found year
number with Chandra Sangkala shape it sound like
this Brahmana – Nora – Kaya – Bhumi
in year 1307 saka or 1385 C. The function of
this gate was as an entrance / gate directed
to the Perdikan / Sima village and sengkala of
the doorstep as possibility as gate official
announcement year as an entrance to the perdikan
village.
GATEWAY II
The shape of Gateway II is also Paduraksa, means
that gates with each roof becomes one, with
length 6.86 meters, 3,40 meters width and 7,19
meter height, made from andesite stone. There
is no chisel year number in gate II, but in
second door found ex material stone with chisel
year number I 1378 Saka / 1456 C. Because the
art decoration and construction style. Based
on the year that had been found with ages in
year 1326 C, Jedong gate have already calculated
in that year. From another explanation mentioned
year of 1456 C, it’s mean that Jedong
was still in used until that time.
Jedong Temple Restoration:
Background:
1. 1945 constitution, article 32 mention that
government support National Indonesia cultural.
2. Number 5 ordinance in 1992 about culture preserve
things.
3. TAP MPR RI No. II/MPR/1993 about broad outlines
of the Nation Direction, which develop to motive
culture resource for widespread importance.
Jedong Temple Is Implementation To Restoration
Based on those ordinances, so in 1992 the implementation
of archeology feasibility study for Jedong
temple had been done with conclusion that Jedong
temple must restore in totally restoration.
The implementation of Jedong temple I and II
restoration begin in 1993 / 1994 fiscal years
until 2004 in 11 phase done by East Java Relic
History Founding and Archeology project.
When excavation is in implementation in the right
and left of the gate construction found brick
structures, which is fence connection, to prove
it the excavation do to that place. The main
purpose is to show up the building construction
and find a few artifacts, which is very important
archeological data to reveal: mean, shape and
function. The result of the excavation invention
in Jedong temple are phallus, statue, dwarapala,
jaladara that made from andesite stone and a
bronze bell.
The result of the excavation, which is done gives
certainty that between both construction have
fence structure / talut that made of brick.
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